Brain's connective cells are much more than glue

Public release date: 29-Dec-2011
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Contact: George Hunka
ghunka@aftau.org
212-742-9070
American Friends of Tel Aviv University

Glia cells also regulate learning and memory, new Tel Aviv University research finds

Glia cells, named for the Greek word for "glue," hold the brain's neurons together and protect the cells that determine our thoughts and behaviors, but scientists have long puzzled over their prominence in the activities of the brain dedicated to learning and memory. Now Tel Aviv University researchers say that glia cells are central to the brain's plasticity how the brain adapts, learns, and stores information.

According to Ph.D. student Maurizio De Pitt of TAU's Schools of Physics and Astronomy and Electrical Engineering, glia cells do much more than hold the brain together. A mechanism within the glia cells also sorts information for learning purposes, De Pitt says. "Glia cells are like the brain's supervisors. By regulating the synapses, they control the transfer of information between neurons, affecting how the brain processes information and learns."

De Pitt's research, led by his TAU supervisor Prof. Eshel Ben-Jacob, along with Vladislav Volman of The Salk Institute and the University of California at San Diego and Hugues Berry of the Universit de Lyon in France, has developed the first computer model that incorporates the influence of glia cells on synaptic information transfer. Detailed in the journal PLoS Computational Biology, the model can also be implemented in technologies based on brain networks such as microchips and computer software, Prof. Ben-Jacob says, and aid in research on brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy.

Regulating the brain's "social network"

The brain is constituted of two main types of cells: neurons and glia. Neurons fire off signals that dictate how we think and behave, using synapses to pass along the message from one neuron to another, explains De Pitt. Scientists theorize that memory and learning are dictated by synaptic activity because they are "plastic," with the ability to adapt to different stimuli.

But Ben-Jacob and colleagues suspected that glia cells were even more central to how the brain works. Glia cells are abundant in the brain's hippocampus and the cortex, the two parts of the brain that have the most control over the brain's ability to process information, learn and memorize. In fact, for every neuron cell, there are two to five glia cells. Taking into account previous experimental data, the researchers were able to build a model that could resolve the puzzle.

The brain is like a social network, says Prof. Ben-Jacob. Messages may originate with the neurons, which use the synapses as their delivery system, but the glia serve as an overall moderator, regulating which messages are sent on and when. These cells can either prompt the transfer of information, or slow activity if the synapses are becoming overactive. This makes the glia cells the guardians of our learning and memory processes, he notes, orchestrating the transmission of information for optimal brain function.

New brain-inspired technologies and therapies

The team's findings could have important implications for a number of brain disorders. Almost all neurodegenerative diseases are glia-related pathologies, Prof. Ben-Jacob notes. In epileptic seizures, for example, the neurons' activity at one brain location propagates and overtakes the normal activity at other locations. This can happen when the glia cells fail to properly regulate synaptic transmission. Alternatively, when brain activity is low, glia cells boost transmissions of information, keeping the connections between neurons "alive."

The model provides a "new view" of how the brain functions. While the study was in press, two experimental works appeared that supported the model's predictions. "A growing number of scientists are starting to recognize the fact that you need the glia to perform tasks that neurons alone can't accomplish in an efficient way," says De Pitt. The model will provide a new tool to begin revising the theories of computational neuroscience and lead to more realistic brain-inspired algorithms and microchips, which are designed to mimic neuronal networks.

###

American Friends of Tel Aviv University (www.aftau.org) supports Israel's leading, most comprehensive and most sought-after center of higher learning. Independently ranked 94th among the world's top universities for the impact of its research, TAU's innovations and discoveries are cited more often by the global scientific community than all but 10 other universities.

Internationally recognized for the scope and groundbreaking nature of its research and scholarship, Tel Aviv University consistently produces work with profound implications for the future.

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 29-Dec-2011
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: George Hunka
ghunka@aftau.org
212-742-9070
American Friends of Tel Aviv University

Glia cells also regulate learning and memory, new Tel Aviv University research finds

Glia cells, named for the Greek word for "glue," hold the brain's neurons together and protect the cells that determine our thoughts and behaviors, but scientists have long puzzled over their prominence in the activities of the brain dedicated to learning and memory. Now Tel Aviv University researchers say that glia cells are central to the brain's plasticity how the brain adapts, learns, and stores information.

According to Ph.D. student Maurizio De Pitt of TAU's Schools of Physics and Astronomy and Electrical Engineering, glia cells do much more than hold the brain together. A mechanism within the glia cells also sorts information for learning purposes, De Pitt says. "Glia cells are like the brain's supervisors. By regulating the synapses, they control the transfer of information between neurons, affecting how the brain processes information and learns."

De Pitt's research, led by his TAU supervisor Prof. Eshel Ben-Jacob, along with Vladislav Volman of The Salk Institute and the University of California at San Diego and Hugues Berry of the Universit de Lyon in France, has developed the first computer model that incorporates the influence of glia cells on synaptic information transfer. Detailed in the journal PLoS Computational Biology, the model can also be implemented in technologies based on brain networks such as microchips and computer software, Prof. Ben-Jacob says, and aid in research on brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy.

Regulating the brain's "social network"

The brain is constituted of two main types of cells: neurons and glia. Neurons fire off signals that dictate how we think and behave, using synapses to pass along the message from one neuron to another, explains De Pitt. Scientists theorize that memory and learning are dictated by synaptic activity because they are "plastic," with the ability to adapt to different stimuli.

But Ben-Jacob and colleagues suspected that glia cells were even more central to how the brain works. Glia cells are abundant in the brain's hippocampus and the cortex, the two parts of the brain that have the most control over the brain's ability to process information, learn and memorize. In fact, for every neuron cell, there are two to five glia cells. Taking into account previous experimental data, the researchers were able to build a model that could resolve the puzzle.

The brain is like a social network, says Prof. Ben-Jacob. Messages may originate with the neurons, which use the synapses as their delivery system, but the glia serve as an overall moderator, regulating which messages are sent on and when. These cells can either prompt the transfer of information, or slow activity if the synapses are becoming overactive. This makes the glia cells the guardians of our learning and memory processes, he notes, orchestrating the transmission of information for optimal brain function.

New brain-inspired technologies and therapies

The team's findings could have important implications for a number of brain disorders. Almost all neurodegenerative diseases are glia-related pathologies, Prof. Ben-Jacob notes. In epileptic seizures, for example, the neurons' activity at one brain location propagates and overtakes the normal activity at other locations. This can happen when the glia cells fail to properly regulate synaptic transmission. Alternatively, when brain activity is low, glia cells boost transmissions of information, keeping the connections between neurons "alive."

The model provides a "new view" of how the brain functions. While the study was in press, two experimental works appeared that supported the model's predictions. "A growing number of scientists are starting to recognize the fact that you need the glia to perform tasks that neurons alone can't accomplish in an efficient way," says De Pitt. The model will provide a new tool to begin revising the theories of computational neuroscience and lead to more realistic brain-inspired algorithms and microchips, which are designed to mimic neuronal networks.

###

American Friends of Tel Aviv University (www.aftau.org) supports Israel's leading, most comprehensive and most sought-after center of higher learning. Independently ranked 94th among the world's top universities for the impact of its research, TAU's innovations and discoveries are cited more often by the global scientific community than all but 10 other universities.

Internationally recognized for the scope and groundbreaking nature of its research and scholarship, Tel Aviv University consistently produces work with profound implications for the future.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-12/afot-bcc122911.php

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Court delays border-crossing pollution rule (AP)

WASHINGTON ? A federal court Friday put on hold a controversial Obama administration regulation aimed at reducing power plant pollution in 27 states that contributes to unhealthy air downwind.

More than a dozen electric power companies, municipal power plant operators and states had sought to delay the rules until the litigation plays out. A federal appeals court in Washington approved their request Friday.

The EPA, in a statement, said it was confident that the rule would ultimately be upheld on its merits. But the agency said it was "disappointing" the regulation's health benefits would be delayed, even if temporarily.

Republicans in Congress have attempted to block the rule using legislation, saying it would shutter some older, coal-fired power plants and kill jobs. While those efforts succeeded in the Republican-controlled House, the Senate ? with the help of six Republicans ? in November rejected an attempt to stay the regulation. And the White House had threatened to veto it.

The rule, finalized by the Environmental Protection Agency in July, replaces a 2005 Bush administration proposal that was rejected by a federal court.

The Bush-era rule, which is expected to cost the industry $1.6 billion annually to comply, will remain in effect. The new rule would have added $800 million a year to that price tag. But those investments would be far outweighed by the hundreds of billions of dollars in health care savings from cleaner air, according to the EPA.

In the first two years, the EPA estimates that the regulation and some other steps would have slashed sulfur dioxide emissions by 73 percent from 2005 levels, and nitrogen oxides will be cut by more than half.

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide pollution from power plant smokestacks can be carried long distances by the wind and weather. As they drift, the pollutants react with other substances in the atmosphere to form smog and soot, which have been linked to various illnesses, including asthma, and have prevented many states and cities from complying with health-based standards set by law.

Environmentalists on Friday said they would continue to defend the regulations, which are essential for some states to be able to meet air quality standards for soot and smog and are far more protective than the ones proposed under the Bush administration.

"The pollution reductions at stake are some of the single most important clean air protections for children, families and communities, across the eastern half of the United States," said Vickie Patton, the general counsel for the Environmental Defense Fund.

But Scott Segal, director of the Electric Reliability Coordinating Council, a coalition of power companies, said in a statement Friday that the ruling was the "first step to setting it right."

"The underlying rule was the subject of hasty process, poor technical support, unequal application and substantial threat to jobs, power bills and reliability," he said.

Six states_ Texas, Nebraska, Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, and Ohio ? had asked the court for the delay. All would have had to reduce pollution from their power plants under the regulation. They were joined by Ames, Iowa, local power plant operators and power generating companies, including Entergy Corp., Luminant Generation Co. and GenOn Energy.

"For the time being, this stay means Nebraskans will not have to foot the bill for unnecessary modifications mandated by the EPA," said Nebraska Attorney General Jon Bruning. "We will continue to fight these job-killing regulations by an overreaching federal government run amok."

The court is asking that oral arguments take place by April 2012.

___

EPA fact sheet ? http://www.epa.gov/crossstaterule/pdfs/CSAPRFactsheet.pdf

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/environment/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111231/ap_on_re_us/us_epa_downwind_pollution

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Mitt Romney Takes the Slightest of Leads in Latest Florida Poll

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Source: http://blogs.miaminewtimes.com/riptide/2011/12/mitt_romney_takes_the_slightes.php

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New clues as to why some older people may be losing their memory

ScienceDaily (Dec. 29, 2011) ? New research links 'silent strokes,' or small spots of dead brain cells, found in about one out of four older adults to memory loss in the elderly. The study is published in the January 3, 2012, print issue of Neurology?, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

"The new aspect of this study of memory loss in the elderly is that it examines silent strokes and hippocampal shrinkage simultaneously," said study author Adam M. Brickman, PhD, of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain at Columbia University Medical Center in New York.

For the study, a group of 658 people ages 65 and older and free of dementia were given MRI brain scans. Participants also underwent tests that measured their memory, language, speed at processing information and visual perception. A total of 174 of the participants had silent strokes.

The study found people with silent strokes scored somewhat worse on memory tests than those without silent strokes. This was true whether or not people had a small hippocampus, which is the memory center of the brain.

"Given that conditions like Alzheimer's disease are defined mainly by memory problems, our results may lead to further insight into what causes symptoms and the development of new interventions for prevention. Since silent strokes and the volume of the hippocampus appeared to be associated with memory loss separately in our study, our results also support stroke prevention as a means for staving off memory problems," said Brickman.

The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health.

Recommend this story on Facebook, Twitter,
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by American Academy of Neurology.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

---

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/EKRiyQo7BMo/111229092038.htm

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parislemon: @9to5Google yeah twitter for mac shows "7" -- but web twitter shows "6". i think he may have just deleted it.

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@9to5Google yeah twitter for mac shows "7" -- but web twitter shows "6". i think he may have just deleted it. Il y a environ 2 heures via Twitter for Mac en r?ponse ? 9to5Google

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Jamie Dupree's Washington Insider: Sen. Ben Nelson Retires

By Jamie Dupree

Democrats got some unwelcome election news on Tuesday, when Sen. Ben Nelson of Nebraska announced he would not seek re-election, giving Republicans a good opportunity to pick up a Senate seat in the 2012 elections.

"I want to thank Senator Nelson for his years of service representing the people of Nebraska," said President Obama in a written statement issued by the White House.

Mr. Obama also took time to note Nelsons's middle-of-the-road politics, which often earned him the political stink eye from fellow Democrats.

"Over the course of his career, Ben?s commitment to working with both Democrats and Republicans across a broad range of issues is a trait far too often overlooked in today?s politics," said the President.

But to most in both parties, Nelson's willingness to vote with Republicans was reason number one that many Democrats had been secretly wishing that Nelson would just stay in Omaha.

Nelson is certainly one of a dying breed, the Blue Dog Democrat, as those conservatives are almost extinct now in the Congress.

As of now, this seat would seem to favor Republicans; but a lot of that could well depend on the candidates who end up in the race.

Democrats were already trying to convince former Sen. Bob Kerrey to run again; it doesn't seem that long ago that I was covering Kerrey when he crossed swords with President Bill Clinton on budget policies.

Just as I'm dating myself a little with a mention of Bob Kerrey, it doesn't seem that long ago that the Congress had a big chunk of conservative Democrats and more liberal Republicans.

But both parties have done a very effective job of purging those types from their party ranks.

Chalk up another one with Nelson's departure.

Source: http://www.wstcwnlk.com/weblogs/jamie-dupree/2011/dec/27/sen-ben-nelson-retires/

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New clues as to why some older people may be losing their memory

ScienceDaily (Dec. 29, 2011) ? New research links 'silent strokes,' or small spots of dead brain cells, found in about one out of four older adults to memory loss in the elderly. The study is published in the January 3, 2012, print issue of Neurology?, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

"The new aspect of this study of memory loss in the elderly is that it examines silent strokes and hippocampal shrinkage simultaneously," said study author Adam M. Brickman, PhD, of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain at Columbia University Medical Center in New York.

For the study, a group of 658 people ages 65 and older and free of dementia were given MRI brain scans. Participants also underwent tests that measured their memory, language, speed at processing information and visual perception. A total of 174 of the participants had silent strokes.

The study found people with silent strokes scored somewhat worse on memory tests than those without silent strokes. This was true whether or not people had a small hippocampus, which is the memory center of the brain.

"Given that conditions like Alzheimer's disease are defined mainly by memory problems, our results may lead to further insight into what causes symptoms and the development of new interventions for prevention. Since silent strokes and the volume of the hippocampus appeared to be associated with memory loss separately in our study, our results also support stroke prevention as a means for staving off memory problems," said Brickman.

The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health.

Recommend this story on Facebook, Twitter,
and Google +1:

Other bookmarking and sharing tools:

---

Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by American Academy of Neurology.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

---

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/EKRiyQo7BMo/111229092038.htm

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The Gaming Gifts I Gave This Holiday Season

As a gamer that regularly reviews big titles and otherwise has the means to procure his own video game entertainment, it isn't often I get to experience the joy of a thoughtful video game related gift. Instead, I give things to my family and live vicariously through them. What did they get this year?

Perhaps the better question is why the hell is the top image of this article the abysmal failure that was Power Gig: Rise of the Six String? Who could have possibly slighted me so terribly that I would spend a large chunk of money for such a horrible thing? For that matter, what retailer allowed me to purchase this monstrosity?

The answer, quite simply, is Power Gig recently dropped to $15 at my local game store, and I couldn't resist. My older brother, an avid guitar player and fan of all things that mix guitar playing and video games was the recipient of the present, which he later heralded as "completely unplayable". That's high praise coming from someone that once bought me a washboard tie for Christmas.

I also gave him four pounds of coffee and a Jinx t-shirt. I'm not completely cruel. Just look at my nephews.

You all know what this is, and so does my nephew Xavier. He's the proud owner of the Skyrim collector's edition now, keeping the massive dragon statue atop the piano at my mother's house with her other collectibles, something that amuses me to no end.

Xavier was also the proud recipient of a Diablo III headset someone handed to me during BlizzCon. Go gift recycling! His father apparently got him the World of Warcraft headset from Creative for Christmas, which made my gift even sweeter.

Another nephew, Mattie, found himself the proud new owner of a Mega Bloks Need for Speed Porsche GT3 RS, or as I like to refer to it, 630 pieces' worth of sit down and shut up. This is not something the boy often does. In fact, it's more likely he will end up eating the entire thing, box and all, and then tumble about the room bragging about it than it is he will put it together. Who knows, maybe I just created the world's next whoever it is that drives Porsches really fast guy. I'm sure he has a name.

My grand-nephew (is that a thing?) and my niece didn't show up for Christmas dinner at my parents' house, so I didn't get to see the look on Caleb's face when he opened up a brand-new copy of Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure for his Wii. I gave him the game itself, two figures, and wrapped up two more figures for his sorta older brother so the two could play together. I am hoping they were overjoyed and excited, but I will never know because Caleb's mom is an uncaring jerk.

Oh come on, she's a lovely person. I never once felt she was really an uncaring jerk, except for that split-second after being told she wouldn't be there. Uncaring jerk.

It's better to give than receive they say, and this Christmas the saying proved true, as no one gave me anything that felt as good as what I gave them. I win the holidays again.

How about you? What gaming gifts did you share with your family and friends this holiday season?

Source: http://kotaku.com/5871432/the-gaming-gifts-i-gave-this-holiday-season

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Seven adults shot dead at Dallas-area apartment (Reuters)

GRAPEVINE, Texas (Reuters) ? Police in Texas found the bodies of seven people in a Dallas-area apartment on Sunday, all shot to death and surrounded by newly unwrapped Christmas presents, authorities said.

Police in the town of Grapevine said the dead included four women and three men, one of them the apparent gunman, and that all were believed to be members of the same family.

Two handguns were recovered from the apartment, said Sergeant Robert Eberling of the Grapevine police department, who called it a "gruesome crime scene" and the worst massacre in that town's history.

A community of about 46,000 people some 20 miles northwest of central Dallas, Grapevine is best known for its vineyards and quaint historic downtown.

"This is tragic. It's something our department hasn't seen before, especially in a city like Grapevine," Eberling said. "It's something we're used to reading about. We're shocked."

Police responding to a 911 emergency call at around 11:30 a.m. local time found the bodies in the living room of a first-floor unit of the Lincoln Vineyards apartments, Eberling told Reuters. No one reported hearing any gunshots, he said.

The 911 caller never spoke to police, and officers did not see the telephone when they went into the home. Eberling said he believed police had to kick in the door to enter.

The circumstances of the shooting remained unclear. However, the victims appeared to have been opening Christmas gifts when the shooting occurred, and there was no visible sign of forced entry or a struggle, police said.

"By all appearances, they're all part of the same family," Eberling said, adding that the victims were believed to have been "celebrating Christmas" when the shooting unfolded.

"It's a gruesome crime scene to say the least, with that many victims in that area suffering gunshot wounds," he said.

Two of the dead appeared to be in their 60s, while the others were young adults, around 18 to 20 years old, according to police.

Authorities did not immediately identify the victims and did not speculate on a possible motive for the shooting.

Police said there were no survivors at the apartment when they arrived. Eberling said none had been dead for very long.

As of 7:30 p.m., about eight hours after they were found, all seven bodies remained in the apartment, and investigators were expected to continue processing the crime scene late into the night, Eberling said.

Lincoln Vineyards is a middle-income complex near Colleyville Heritage High School, one of the area's most highly regarded schools.

Several neighbors told Reuters that children frequently played in front of the apartment, and they regularly saw young adults leaving for work. They added that they did not know the residents personally.

Several apartment residents stood outside, visibly shaken, and one of them crying, while investigators gathered evidence from the crime scene.

Vanessa Barerra said the killings were especially disturbing in light of Grapevine's reputation as a place to live.

"I did research and chose to live here because of the safety and the school district," she said. "I'm glad my kids weren't here. They're with their dad."

(Additional reporting and writing by Steve Gorman and Karen Brooks; Marice Richter also contributed to this report; Editing by Tim Gaynor and Peter Bohan)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/us/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111226/us_nm/us_bodies_texas

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China-Based Hacker Teams Threaten US Companies

The US cyber threat from China may be the work of as few as 12 China-based hacker teams. Distinct group digital signatures have enabled US cybersecurity experts to link the teams to various cyber attacks, not just directed at the US government, but to US companies of all sizes. According to a USA Today article, the hacker teams are backed by the Chinese government, and without reciprocal agreements in place, there is little that the US can do to stop them. The cyber attacks from China began as early as 2001 and have increased in intensity over the last three years.

The Chinese government denies sanctioning hacking. Companies don't have an exact dollar loss to quantify the amount of intellectual property stolen, although Bloomberg estimates the loss at $500 million in the last year. China-based hacker teams are seemingly indiscriminate in what they take, preferring to sweep up as much data as possible from as many companies as they can hack.

Traditionally, US companies that have been hacked have been reluctant to reveal the extent of the damage they suffered, but Google was one that did speak out after realizing that their experiences could serve to enlighten other companies and possibly to help push the US government to take action. Certainly, after alarming reports, to get their arms around the scope of the problem the administration invoked national security powers from the Cold War era to compel certain large companies to discuss proprietary information that might be related to cyber attacks. According to an earlier Bloomberg account, this was done in conjunction with concerns that China might be embedding spyware into hardware exported to the US.

Small and midsized companies need to be aware that they too can be targeted by hackers from China. Bloomberg reports that China has gone after technology sectors across all industries, including those in "some of the most obscure corners of the economy." However, Bloomberg also notes that there may be some hacking correlation between China's five-year economic plan and its priority sectors, which include clean energy, advanced semiconductors, iT, aerospace, telecommunications, and biotechnology.

From the IT perspective, the best protection is a good defense. Companies of every size should implement a firewall, a reputable antivirus, and anti-malware. They should keep web browsers and business productivity software updated and patched, and possibly even block network access by country IP address if that is feasible. Transitioning to Internet Protocal version 6 (IPv6) may also be an option and is certainly worth investigating, as are newer data encryption options. Unfortunately, once that line of defense is broached, there is little that IT can do after falling victim to a China-based hacker. US intelligence experts believe that the solution lies in putting a clear US policy of retaliation against the Chinese government in the event of a cyber attack.

Source: http://www.theinfoboom.com/articles/china-based-hacker-teams-threaten-us-companies/

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Top local sports stories of 2011: No. 1 -- Cal Poly's volleyball coach relieved of his duties amid report of harassment

1. COLLEGE VOLLEYBALL: SEXUAL HARASSMENT ALLEGATIONS?COST CAL POLY COACH STEVENSON HIS JOB

Former Cal Poly volleyball head coach Jon Stevenson was relieved of his coaching duties by the university Sept. 1 after an investigation centered around allegations of sexual harassment became public, marring the tenure of one the most successful coaches in program history.

Stevenson first released details of his departure with the team on Twitter, saying on his account, ?Watching the team that I built, trained, and prepared lose to inferior teams i.e. santa clara and university of utah (actually Utah Valley) but I have no access.?

University administrators then released an investigative report dated April 6, 2010, which detailed accusations that the coach once attempted to pull one player?s shorts down. It was also alleged he made comments about players? bodies and would ?say things like, ?(Player B) is a crazy sex addict ? all she wants to do is party,? ? and once displayed a small Latina doll to several players and said, ?This is to remind me never to interact with Latino women because they are such crazy bitches.?

The report detailed a road match after which Stevenson allegedly hugged a player, grabbed her face, kissed her on the cheek and whispered in her ear, ?I love you.?

Stevenson declined to comment to The Tribune about the allegations.

Upon receiving the findings of the investigation, then-Cal Poly athletic director Alison Cone and Provost Robert Koob agreed to keep Stevenson as coach, subject to meeting a list of limitations.

But after a review, newly hired athletic director Don Oberhelman concluded that Stevenson should no longer remain as the Mustangs coach.

?This issue has very little to do with this report and has everything to do with my confidence in his leadership,? Oberhelman told The Tribune. ?If you?re asking for an ?a-ha moment,? there?s no specific moment, no specific thing that did it. I would just say there?s me being on the job for five months, and I had just gotten to the point where I had seen enough.?

Cal Poly agreed to pay Stevenson $133,980 and honor 440 hours of vacation, as outlined in the separation agreement obtained by The Tribune, to part ways with the university. He is prohibited from initiating contact with any current players, their parents of any other Cal Poly coaches or Athletic Department personnel.

Third-year assistant coach Caroline Walters replaced the seventh-year coach on an interim basis.

The school has said it will conduct a nationwide search to find the next head volleyball coach.

? Brian De Los Santos

2. VENTURA GETS WHITE SOX?JOB

In a stunning cap to what had been a hiring process full of speculation, the Chicago White Sox did something not many within the baseball world saw coming.

With former Boston Red Sox manager Terry Francona among numerous candidates available for the White Sox?s vacant managing position, the club turned to former Major League All-Star Robin Ventura ? naming him as Chicago?s 39th manager on Oct. 6.

?You only go through one life,? Ventura told The Tribune after taking pictures with friends while working the barbecue grill at an Arroyo Grande High football game the day after he was hired by Chicago. ?It?s an opportunity of a lifetime. It?s with an organization I love. I know the people. It?s everything I?m comfortable with.?

Ventura, 44, had been a longtime star with the White Sox but had no Major League managing experience before accepting the position. In fact, Ventura?s credentials at the professional level only included being a special adviser to the director of player development for less than a year.

Nonetheless, the Arroyo Grande resident said he was excited to start in Chicago.

?This job is all about criticism,? Ventura said. ?You just have to be strong enough to just put it aside. Your job is to do what you think is the best thing to do for your team in any situation and you can?t worry about what people are going to write about you or say about you. You have to stay true to yourself.?

?Brian De Los Santos

3. ARROYO GRANDE?WINS FIRST FOOTBALL DIVISION TITLE SINCE 1998

What began with disappointment ended in euphoria.

That?s one way to describe Arroyo Grande High?s year. It?s football team opened the season with great expectations after advancing to the previous year?s CIF-Southern Section Western Division championship game only to fall to a Serra team loaded with college talent.

This year, the Eagles knew it could be different.

It just didn?t start that way, as they suffered a 38-28 reality check to Lompoc, the eventual two-time Northwest Division winners. That loss, however, sparked a dominant 13-game winning streak that ended Dec. 9, when Arroyo Grande captured its first division title since 1998 and fifth overall after a 42-14 win over Culver City.

The win was also San Luis Obispo County?s first section title since 2001, when the San Luis Obispo Tigers won it.

Arroyo Grande?s season will be remembered for boasting four FBS scholarship players in quarterback Brent VanderVeen, all-purpose player Garrett Owens, linebacker Seth Jacobs and lineman Garrett Weinreich, but the season ended with a big-time performance by one of the smallest guys on the team. Gabe Deleon, who was perhaps generously listed as a 5-foot-7, 145-pound running back, rushed for 153 yards and three second-half touchdowns in the championship win over Culver City.

? Chhun Sun

4. CAL POLY NAMES NEW ATHLETIC DIRECTOR

Former San Diego State associate athletic director Don Oberhelman was introduced March 14 as Cal Poly?s new athletic director, succeeding the retired Alison Cone ? who held the position since 2004.

He was one of three publicly announced finalists, beating out Portland State athletic director Torre Chisholm and Indiana State athletic director Ron Prettyman for his first job as A.D.

Oberhelman had been the interim athletic director at San Diego State for four months prior to accepting the position at Cal Poly, helping the school deal with the loss of its former A.D. after a misappropriation scandal.

He was also the senior associate athletic director at Southern Mississippi and also held positions at Florida State and Texas A&M.

Cal Poly rewarded that experience generously, giving him a $182,496 annual salary that ranks in the top four amongst peers in both the Big West and Big Sky conferences.

It didn?t take long for Oberhelman to start making moves. In his first quarter on campus, Cal Poly signed a three-year sponsorship agreement with KSBY to broadcast three home football games in 2011. A Cal Poly football game hadn?t been broadcast since 1980.

? Brian De Los Santos

5. POLY WOMEN PLAY FOR BIG WEST HOOPS TITLE

The Cal Poly women?s basketball team had a chance at accomplishing many firsts in 2010-11, riding a huge hot streak that propelled the Mustangs to the Big West Tournament championship game.

Against UC Davis, though, Cal Poly?s try at making history fell short.

In a contest that the Mustangs never led, Cal Poly fell to UC Davis 66-49 in just its second trip to the tournament championship.

It ended a year-long run in which the Mustangs seemed to defy odds, playing without reigning Big West Player of the Year Kristina Santiago after she tore her ACL two minutes into the season.

The Mustangs wouldn?t let up, finishing the year with an 18-13 (12-4 Big West) record to earn the first regular season Big West title in program history.

Senior guard Rachel Clancy played a huge part in the success, averaging a conference-best 16.9 points per game ? two more than the next closest scorer ? en route to Big West Player of the Year honors.

She finished her Cal Poly career seven points shy of scoring 1,000 in her three years at Cal Poly, posting a game-high 21 points in a 74-60 loss to Cal in the first round of the WNIT ? the Mustangs? first ever step past the conference tournament.

? Brian De Los Santos

6. HASAY CONTINUES COLLEGE RUNNING SUCCESS

Jordan Hasay began 2011 with a bang and concluded it with a strong showing at the NCAA Cross Country Championships.

It was another big year for the Oregon Duck and former Mission Prep star who still calls Arroyo Grande home.

Hasay led the Ducks to their second straight indoor track NCAA championship by becoming an individual NCAA champion for the first time.

On the final day of the NCAA meet, Hasay won the women?s mile on 4 minutes, 33.01 seconds to set a school record by 25-hundredths of the a second. Nearly 95 minutes later, Hasay came back to win the 3,000 meters in 9:13.71, outkicking Villanova?s Sheila Reid to win the race. The previous day, Reid had outkicked Hasay to give her team the win over Hasay?s Ducks in the distance medley relay.

During the outdoor track season, Hasay led Oregon to another Pac-10 team championship while winning the 1,500- and 5,000-meter runs. Hasay then attempted to become the first woman to ever win both events at the NCAA outdoor meet. But, instead, it was Reid who pulled off the double victory as Hasay struggled to a fourth-place finish in the 5,000 and an eighth-place finish in the 1,500.

Hasay later went on to finish ninth in the 1,500 at the U.S. national meet before returning for her junior season of cross country.

In cross country, Hasay finished third at the Pac-12 meet, won the NCAA west regional for the second straight year and finished second to Reid at the NCAA Championships.

Hasay picked up a number of awards during the season as she was named the U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association national indoor Women?s Track Athlete of the Year, won her second consecutive USTFCCCA Women?s West Region Athlete of the Year and second straight Pac-12 Conference Women?s Cross Country Athlete of the Year award and was named the national Academic All-American of the Year for women?s cross country and track and field by the College Sports Information Directors of America.

? Ashley Conklin

7. POLY?S NOVACHKOV TAKES 2ND

Boris Novachkov came closer than any other Cal Poly wrestler in the past 35 years to winning an elusive NCAA title but was stopped just short in the 141-pound championship bout in March in Philadelphia.

Novachkov, who had a 31-1 record entering the championship match and was the No. 3 seed, fell to Michigan?s Kellen Russell, the top seed, 3-2 in a rematch of Novachkov?s only previous defeat during the season.

He became the third Mustang in four seasons to reach a championship final, but none of those matches were as close as Novachkov?s decision loss.

In June, former Columbia head coach Brendan Buckley was named Cal Poly?s new head coach, replacing John Azevedo, who retired after spending 10 seasons with the Mustangs, and former co-head coach Mark Perry, who left Cal Poly for an associate head coaching job at Illinois in April. Azevedo coached nine All- Americans and nine individual Pac-10 champions in his tenure with the Mustangs.

? Mitchell Carroll

8. COAST UNION SOFTBALL SETS NATIONAL RECORD

The Coast Union High softball team gained national recognition when it fell to Cuyama Valley 48-47 on May 10 in what is believed to be a record-setting game for most combined runs scored in national prep history.

The 95 runs scored was one more than the previous record set on April 28, 1983, when East Machias Washington Academy (Mass.) defeated in-state opponent Lubec 88-6.

This Coast Valley League game was no blowout however. The 0-15 Broncos entered the bottom of the seventh inning with a 47-35 lead, but after two hits, 13 walks and five wild pitches, the Bears? Emily Araujo scored the walk-off run on a bases loaded walk to Chelsea Hollingsworth, securing the national record and the dramatic victory for Cuyama Valley.

?We were up, we were down, we came back, went into the bottom of the seventh winning, and we gave it up,? Coast Union coach Rocky Fordyce said. ?We battled back and we never gave up. We had fun. The girls were very positive about it.?

The Broncos? Morgan May hit for the cycle, finishing 6 for 7 with 14 RBI in the game, setting a CIF state record for most RBI in a game.

The game was mentioned in the closing moments of that night?s episode of ESPN?s SportsCenter, and the story was picked up by several national news outlets, including USA Today and Yahoo! Sports, among others.

? Mitchell Carroll

9. UP AND DOWN YEAR FOR CAL POLY TENNIS TEAM

The year was a mixed bag for the Cal Poly men?s tennis team.

Led by former Arroyo Grande High star Andre Dome, the Mustangs made their first-ever Division I NCAA Tournament appearance, losing 4-0 to Washington in May.

Cal Poly was 14-7 overall and 4-1 in the Big West Conference.

The doubles team of Dome and Alexander Sonesson became the first Mustangs duo to earn an at-large berth to the Division I tournament before falling in the first round to a team from Texas.

But things weren?t great off the court for the Mustangs.

In July, head coach Justin McGrath, who had led Cal Poly since 2007, resigned amid an NCAA investigation into rule-breaking and allegations of unethical conduct.

McGrath denied that was why he stepped down, citing a desire to pursue other coaching interests.

Five sources within the program told The Tribune that an NCAA enforcement investigator interviewed members of the team via teleconference in June. At the heart of the questioning were allegations that McGrath tampered with official scholarship documents and that the university did not provide athletes a chance to appeal after having their scholarships reduced by the coach.

Five current players told The Tribune that immediately before the NCAA interviews, they met with new Cal Poly athletic director Don Oberhelman to say that they did not want McGrath as their coach for the 2011-12 school year.

In September, former Cal Poly player and Pepperdine assistant coach Nick Carless was hired to replace McGrath.

? Ashley Conklin

10. ATASCADERO?S NORRIS SHINES IN BASKETBALL

What the Atascadero High boys basketball team did in its 2010-11 season might go unmatched for years, especially with Troy Norris no longer in a Greyhounds uniform. In his final year of high school, the versatile point guard ? he could shoot, drive, dunk, pass and defend ? guided the Greyhounds to the CIF-Southern Section Division 4AA semifinals, something the program hadn?t done in eight years.

It was there that Atascadero finally submitted to top seed Orange Lutheran, which won the semifinal meeting 72-63 and advanced to a second consecutive appearance in the division title game.

Though the Greyhounds ended their season in heartbreak, they also racked up plenty of memories, including finishing with a 25-4 overall record and 12-0 in the PAC 7 ? the first time a league team went undefeated since 2006 ? and had a 15-game winning streak.

In the playoffs, Norris put up 16 and 23 points against South El Monte and Chaminade, respectively, before exploding for a 24-point, eight-rebound and six-assist performance in a 60-47 quarterfinal win over St. John Bosco.

After winning the Tribune?s County Player of the Year twice in a row, Norris is now playing for the College of Sequoias in Visalia, mainly to build his physique in hopes of earning a Division I scholarship.

? Chhun Sun

Source: http://www.sanluisobispo.com/2011/12/24/1883579/top-local-sports-stories-of-2011.html

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Reversal of fortune (Reuters)

SINGAPORE (Reuters) ? While the threat of credit rating downgrades hangs over Europe, a few big emerging market economies are on the upswing.

Indonesia provides arguably the starkest contrast. Fitch's upgrade of Indonesia's sovereign rating on December 15 restored it to investment grade status for the first time in 14 years. Back in 1997, when the Asian financial crisis exploded, the International Monetary Fund had to step in with a three-year loan worth $10.1 billion at the time.

"Indonesia's banking sector was not prepared to withstand the financial turmoil that swept Southeast Asia," the IMF said then.

Fast-forward to 2011, and it is European banks that are the focus of concern as the euro zone struggles to come up with a politically palatable way to solve its own debt crisis.

All three of the world's major ratings agencies have warned that European countries face downgrades if they cannot stem the crisis. Fitch said on December 16 that a comprehensive solution was "technically and politically beyond reach."

Sentiment toward Europe has turned so dark that the most positive thing Northern Trust economists could say about the outlook there was, "Our base case is that the euro zone does not completely collapse within the next two years."

Why the role reversal?

Indonesia's 2012 growth is expected to reach 6.4 percent, according to a Reuters poll of economists, down only slightly from 2011's estimated 6.5 percent. The euro zone is widely expected to be stuck in recession next year, while U.S. growth will probably trudge along at one-third of Indonesia's pace.

The lesson that Asia learned from its financial crisis in the late 1990s was, "make sure you've got good insurance."

Asia now holds most of the world's foreign exchange reserves, with about $4.5 trillion concentrated in China and Japan combined. But there are also large stockpiles in India, Indonesia and South Korea.

That cushion can provide protection from financial market turbulence. Indonesia, South Korea, India and others have tapped reserves this year to defend their currencies from extreme volatility.

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IMF on "schizophrenic" investors:

imfdirect.imf.org/2011/12/21/2011-in-review-four-hard-truths/

For IFR's forecasts for the week ahead in U.S. economic data, click on: http://graphics.thomsonreuters.com/11/12/IFRPV122611.pdf

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

"SCHIZOPHRENIC" INVESTORS

The IMF itself seems to have learned a few lessons from its experience in Asia, especially on how deep budget cuts can hurt a country's economic growth and its citizens.

Its November 1997 statement announcing Indonesia's bailout arrangement spelled out the IMF's policy prescription: tight fiscal and monetary policies and "substantial" fiscal measures to keep the budget in surplus.

The IMF at the time expected Indonesia's growth, which had been around 8 percent before the crisis, to slow to 5 percent in the first year of the program and 3 percent in the second. In fact, Indonesia's economy contracted by 13.1 percent in 1998 and grew by only 0.8 percent in 1999.

Former IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn acknowledged in February 2011 that the IMF's reform program had been "harmful and painful" for the Indonesian people.

Many economists worry that Europe's austerity measures, much like those in Indonesia in the late 1990s, will end up doing even more damage to the economy, worsening the debt picture.

IMF Chief Economist Olivier Blanchard said investors were "schizophrenic" about austerity and growth.

"They react positively to news of fiscal consolidation, but then react negatively later, when consolidation leads to lower growth -- which it often does," Blanchard said.

WHO IS NEXT?

European countries are the obvious candidates for imminent downgrade. S&P's move could come any day. Moody's said on December 12 it will revisit its European ratings in the first quarter of 2012.

While downgrades and the threat of more have received the most media attention this year, Fitch said its sovereign rating actions year-to-date were almost evenly split between upgrades and downgrades.

Since August 5, when Standard & Poor's stripped the United States of its AAA-rating, countries including Indonesia, Brazil, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Paraguay, Peru, Kazakhstan and Israel have received upgrades from at least one of the world's big three ratings agencies.

Next on the upgrade list may be the Philippines. Its leaders

expressed some disappointment that Indonesia got the nod from Fitch first, although S&P revised its outlook to "positive" on December 16.

But it is the negative actions that pose the global economic threat. The advanced economies in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have 2012 borrowing needs estimated at $10.5 trillion. A number this large means even a small increase in borrowing costs is meaningful.

"OECD debt managers are facing unprecedented funding challenges in meeting higher-than-anticipated, strong borrowing needs," the OECD said in a report on sovereign debt.

(Reporting by Emily Kaiser; Editing by Dan Grebler)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/business/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111225/bs_nm/us_economy_weekahead_outlook

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Bengals beat Cardinals 23-16, stay in contention

/

By JOE KAY

updated 4:34 p.m. ET Dec. 24, 2011

CINCINNATI - The Bengals had just enough left to stay in the thick of playoff contention.

Andy Dalton threw a pair of touchdown passes, and Cincinnati withstood yet another fourth-quarter comeback by Arizona, holding on for a 23-16 victory Saturday that kept the Bengals in the running for a wild card.

Another small crowd at Paul Brown Stadium saw the Bengals (9-6) secure only their third winning record in the last 21 years and keep up their postseason hopes.

They pulled it off with another solid performance by their rookie quarterback and a close call in the closing minutes.

Dalton threw an 11-yard touchdown pass to Jermaine Gresham and a 19-yarder to Jerome Simpson, who did a somersault over a defender and landed on both feet in the end zone. Dalton joined Peyton Manning (26), Charlie Conerly (22) and Dan Marino (20) as the only NFL rookies to throw 20 touchdowns.

Down 23-0 heading into the fourth quarter, the NFL's best comeback team nearly pulled off its most improbable one yet. Arizona (7-8) took advantage of Cedric Benson's two fumbles, getting a pair of touchdown passes by John Skelton and Jay Feely's field goal with 3:16 left.

The Cardinals had their chance to pull even. Early Doucet got behind the defense on a fourth-down play from the Cincinnati 17-yard line, but tripped at the goal line and fell, letting the pass fall incomplete.

Arizona got the ball one last time, but the clock ran out on them after a completion, ending the Cardinals' four-game winning streak and their playoff chances.

Cincinnati's defense dominated the first three quarters. Arizona didn't cross midfield until Skelton completed a pass with 13:25 to go.

Skelton started for the second consecutive week in place of Kevin Kolb, who hasn't fully recovered from a concussion. Skelton was 23 of 44 for 297 yards with three interceptions and five sacks that helped the Bengals get the 23-0 lead.

It could have been worse. Mike Nugent, the NFL's most accurate kicker, missed field goals of 35 and 48 yards in the first half.

Arizona has rallied from fourth-quarter deficits six times this season, one shy of the NFL record. The Cardinals have won three games in overtime, tying the league record.

With another comeback nearly in their grasp Saturday, they stumbled at the goal line.

Dalton was 18 of 31 for 154 yards and two touchdowns on a sunny, 39-degree afternoon in front of only 41,273 fans, leaving the stadium one-third empty.

Dalton's second touchdown pass had a highlight finish.

Simpson got open for a catch-and-run to the goal line. With Daryl Washington between him and the end zone, Simpson jumped and twirled past the linebacker, landing on both feet in the end zone and raising both arms like a gymnast who just stuck the landing.

For most of the game, the Cardinals couldn't do anything right. Rookie cornerback Patrick Peterson picked off a Dalton pass in the third quarter, but the interception was nullified by Arizona's second roughing-the-passer penalty of the game.

Worse, Peterson hurt his left hamstring on the play, pulling up on the return. The first-round pick left the game.

Copyright 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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Rick Perry Won't Be On Virginia GOP Primary Ballot After Failing To Gather 10,000 Signatures

RICHMOND, Va. -- Former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney and Texas Rep. Ron Paul will be on Virginia's March 6 Republican presidential primary ballot, but Texas Gov. Rick Perry has failed to qualify.

The Republican Party of Virginia said Friday that Perry's campaign fell short of the 10,000 signatures of registered voters required for a candidate's name to be on the primary ballot.

The state party said Romney and Paul obtained the needed signatures. Party officials were still verifying the signatures of former House Speaker Newt Gingrich late Friday.

State GOP spokesman Garren Shipley says the party is validating petitions the candidates submitted by the Thursday 5 p.m. deadline to the State Board of Elections. The process of validating the signatures began Friday morning.

The 10,000 registered voters must also include 400 signatures from each of Virginia's 11 congressional districts.

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thx ., but i would be most interested if u write it as for IT , this sounds like for beginners ,.

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